Hermann Hesse 1877 - German poet, novelist, painter
- 1887 - Rowell Hodge patented barbed wire.
- 1892 - Charles A. Wheeler patented the first escalator.
- 1939 - Albert Einstein signed a letter to President Roosevelt urging the U.S. to have an atomic weapons research program.
- 1943 - The U.S. Navy patrol torpedo boat, PT-109, sank after being attacked by a Japanese destroyer. The boat was under the command of Lt. John F. Kennedy.
- 1983 - U.S. House of Representatives approved a law that designated the third Monday of January would be a federal holiday in honor of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. The law was signed by President Reagan on November 2.
- 1990 - Iraq invaded the oil-rich country of Kuwait. Iraq claimed that Kuwait had driven down oil prices by exceeding production quotas set by OPEC.
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